高考閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題解題方法
1關(guān)鍵詞原文定位法：從選項(xiàng)（題干、題支入手、題文一致原則），尋找原文的語言重現(xiàn)。
2.排除法確認(rèn)答案：
A說法過于絕對(duì)的選項(xiàng)一般不是答案。
B有些選項(xiàng)與原文的陳述十分相像，但有改動(dòng)，偷換概念。
C雖符合常理但與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)的選項(xiàng)一般不是答案。
D把文章中A的特點(diǎn)加在B身上，張冠李戴。
3.正確答案特征判定法8原則
1）選具有獨(dú)立意識(shí)的，貼近生活的選項(xiàng)
67. What is the popular images of teenagers today?
A. They worry about school B. They dislike living with their parents
C. They have to be locked in to avoid troubles D. They quarrel a lot with other family members
41. According to the passage, collecting antique clocks____.（07）
A.can hardly keep the value of your savings
B.will cost much of your savings
C.may increase your wealth
D.needs your bravery
2）符合社會(huì)主義精神文明建設(shè)，構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的選項(xiàng)。
71. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Negotiation in family B. Education in family
C. Harmony in family D. Teenage trouble in family
68. The study shows that teenagers don’t want to ___
A. share family responsibility B. cause trouble in their families
C. go boating with their family D. make family decisions
3）符合中庸理念（選項(xiàng)中有不十分肯定的語氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)）： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多數(shù))，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。
70. According to the authour, teenage rebellion____.（07年）
A. may be a false belief（不十分肯定的詞）B. is common nowadays
C. existed only in the 1960s（有絕對(duì)詞）D. resulted from changes in families
5．According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that ——. A. society can't provide enough jobs for properly trained college
graduates
B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college
education?
C. too many students have to earn their own living
D. college administrators encourage students to drop out （分析：答案項(xiàng)C中有have to, 語氣太絕對(duì)化，故被排除。而A項(xiàng)中can't 的語氣則不十分絕對(duì)化，故為答案。）
4）作者口吻一定很成熟，不會(huì)用絕對(duì)詞（must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very,completely, none, hardly）等。
70. According to the authour, teenage rebellion____.（07年）
A. may be a false belief
B. is common nowadays
C. existed only in the 1960s（有絕對(duì)詞）
D. resulted from changes in families
5.One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .( 08全國 )
A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become
insignificant.
B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true.
C. most people have to take part-time jobs.
D. people have to change their jobs from time to time.
(分析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，C、D兩項(xiàng)中都含有"have to"，語氣太絕對(duì)化，一般被排除。考生在剩下兩項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，就大大降低了難度。)
5）兩個(gè)相同必不選；兩個(gè)相似有可能；兩個(gè)相反一定選一個(gè)
49. How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?（07）
A. We'll be very excited. B. We'll feel unfortunate.
C. We'll have a sense of honor. D. We'll feel sorry for the clerk.
6）出現(xiàn)中文注解常出題
They’re expected to be rebellious(叛逆的) and selfish but actually they have other things on their minds;they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well.
70. According to the authour, teenage rebellion____.
A. may be a false belief B. is common nowadays
C. existed only in the 1960s D. resulted from changes in families
7）目的看深不看淺
42 what a being from another planet might report back about our way of life. Men can do nothing without its permission, and it fastens its young round people's wrists so that everywhere men go they are still under its control.
42. By quoting (引用) the remark of a being from another planet, the author intends to____.
A. suggest human beings are controlled by a clock
B. describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth
C. tell readers what clocks look like
D. compare chicks to human beings
8）選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體的、膚淺的（字面意思）一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。
53. What did Napoleon expect the Russian representative to do?(08)
A. To walk out of the room in anger.
B. To show agreement with him.
C. To say something about the Tsar.
D. To express his admiration.
又例（1）The population in the 21st century, according to the writer .
A. will be smaller than a few years ago
B. will not be as small as people expect
C. will prove to be a threat to the world
D. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected
(分析：選項(xiàng)A、B中都有small一詞，該詞在文中出現(xiàn)過，因而總覺膚淺，是字面之意。C項(xiàng)明顯與文章不符，而D項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意義比small要深刻得多。)
4.考點(diǎn)筆記定位法
A邏輯關(guān)系詞（因果、方式、并列，轉(zhuǎn)折，對(duì)比，例證等）做筆記可以確定文章脈絡(luò)，把握作者觀點(diǎn)，解答相關(guān)閱讀題（是重點(diǎn)出題處）
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并列/遞進(jìn)
讓步 次序（列舉） 解釋 因果
舉例 總結(jié)
比較（比喻）/對(duì)比
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and, too, also, moreover, in addition, furthermore, next, besides, further, in particular; even more important; still; what’s more ；indeed of course, naturally, it is true that, certainly first, second, third, then, meanwhile, eventually in other words, that is, namely thus, therefore, because, so that, in order to, due to this, as a consequence, consequently, so, hence, as a result; for this reason; hence; accordingly for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is--- in conclusion, in summary, to sum up, in short, in a word; on the whole; in brief; in a word; all in all; generally speaking similarly, likewise, like, unlike, in comparison, in contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, although, even though, yet, but however, regardless of, despite, in spite of; nevertheless; as a matter of fact; no doubt
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真題演練：
A轉(zhuǎn)折處：作者在文章中經(jīng)常用but, yet, however, though 等來連接前后的句子。作者用這類轉(zhuǎn)折語氣的連接詞向讀者傳達(dá)的信息重點(diǎn)是在but等詞后面的句子中。這也是細(xì)節(jié)題的命題重點(diǎn)之一
Eg：The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoy’s description ---- it seems not that far off from historical accounts ---- but his choice of facts:（08-c）
51. Tolstoy’s description of Napoleon in War and Peace is ______.
A. far from the historical facts
B. based on the Russian history
C. based on his selection of facts
D. not related to historical details
B注解處：Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry: doesn’t he have more army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if this army is stopped.（08）
52. Napoleon was angry when receiving the Russian representative because ______.
A. he thought he should be the one to make the peace terms
B. the Tsar’s peace terms were hard to accept
C. the Russians stopped his military movement
D. he didn’t have any more army of fight with
C因果關(guān)系處
51 people don't (or can't) seek care（前果后因）for it is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works.
51. According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.
they are too poor
it is unusual to seek care
they can remain unaffected for long
there are too many people suffering from the disease
D舉例子打比喻處
為了使自己的觀點(diǎn)更有說服力、更加明確，作者經(jīng)常用具體的例子打比方，句中常由as, such as, for example, for instance等引導(dǎo)的短語或句子作為舉例句，這些例句或比喻成為命題者提問的焦點(diǎn)。
eg. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computer's brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival.
1Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of ______ .
(A) decision making (B)drives and feelings
(C)growth of reasoning (D)information absorption
(分析：選B項(xiàng)。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題，依據(jù)文章我們知道計(jì)算機(jī)缺少人類所具有的動(dòng)機(jī)和情感：computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures,至于動(dòng)機(jī)可以被編入計(jì)算機(jī)程序，那是今后的事，就目前而言計(jì)算機(jī)在動(dòng)機(jī)和情感方面不如人類。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。考生只要注意到for one thing 后面一句話，即可選出。)
E末段段尾處
54Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.（07）
54. It can be inferred from the passage that___.
A.no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B.the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C.malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D.nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
