高考英語閱讀理解題解題思路和答題技巧

 

• 解的十個特征：

• 體現中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解
• 照抄原文的不是解，同義替換的是解
• 含義不肯定的是解，如：can  could  may  usually  might  most  more or less  relatively  be likely to

含義絕對的不是解： must   always  never  the most  all  any  none  entirely

含義相反的是解

• 具體的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解
• 帶有some的是解：someone  somebody  sometime  something  certain
• 簡單的不是解，復雜的是解，字面意思不是解，含義深刻的是解
• 帶虛詞的解：

another  other  more  either  both  also  beside  additional  extra  different  same  particular  nearly  not enough

• “變化”是解：

change  delay  improve  postpone  increase

• “重要的、基礎的”是解：important  necessity  essential basis  

be based on

• 二選一：反義項有解；形似項有解；近義項有解

 

• 閱讀題的四種題型及其命題思路

• 主旨題－中心思想

• Main idea －what is the main idea / point of this passage?

 

 

• Main topic －what is the main topic / subject / title?
• Purpose －what is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

對策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多為概括性的選項

• 細節性問題

• Accroding－考查對文章內容的掌握，如：時間、地點、事件等細節問題。

對策：利用題目中的關鍵詞找文章中的對應詞，在對應詞的周圍尋找答案。

• Number－考查對文章中數字的掌握，

• 運算型：通過簡單的四則運算求解。

對策：原始數據不是解。

• 多選一型：文中出現多個時間或數字，對應不同的事物，考其中的一個。

對策：對號入座。

• 范圍型，
• 世紀型

• Except題型－即三缺一型，要求選出一個不符合文章內容的選項。
• Which題型

對策：這兩種主要考并列句、列舉句

• 推斷型問題

命題包括以下動詞：infer, imply, suggest, conclude, assume.

對策：

• 根據文中的關鍵詞、短語、結構進行推斷；
• 通過閱讀某段或幾段內容
• 注意：要根據文中內容進行推斷，不能憑空猜測。

• 詞匯型問題

• 考查熟詞偏義或在特定場合具體的詞義

對策：常見含義不是解

• 生詞的含義推斷

對策：根據上下文判斷其合理的詞義才是唯一的出路。

 

總結：常見的命題思路：

• 文章的中心、段落的中心
• 指代關系

• 因果關系

• 正因果關系

文中A導致B，問題：有了B這一結果，為什么，答案是A

• 反因果關系

文中A具有X特性，B與A不同，問，B有何特點，答案是非X

特性。

 

• 文章的十大考點

• 列舉處常考          細節題，特別是Which型和Except型；
• 轉折處和對比處常考

However, but, yet, in fact, although, 轉折：unlike, until, however, but等。

• 例子常考          推斷題和細節題

as, such as, for example, for instance, i.e. etc.

• 數字和年代常考

文中的數字、年代和日期常常是命題的重點。

• 最高級和絕對性詞匯常考         答案具有唯一性

must, all, only, anyone, always, never,或most, first.

• 專有名詞常考

人名、地名等專有名詞

• 細節處常考         細節題

同位語，插入語，定語，長句的后半句，從句，副詞，介詞，不定式。

• 因果句常考         推斷題

因果連詞：because, since, for, as, therefore, so, consequently etc

因果動詞：cause, result in，originate from, etc

因果名詞：base, basis, result, consequence. etc

• 段落中心句常考         主題題和細節題

段首句和文尾句往往是作者表達中心思想和進行總結綜述之處，

• 特殊標點常考          細節題

破折號、括號、冒號表示解釋，引號表示引用

 

 

 

 

tolerable and some ultraviolet rays penetrate the atmosphere. Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

greatest known danger to explorers in space. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage        a person may feel perfectly well, but not cells of his sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of (deformed) children or even grandchildren.

 

 

 

 

 

1、According to the passage, without atmosphere            

A) spaceships can never be shot into space

B) sunlight can’t reach the earth      （具體不是解）

C) plants can produce varied food

D) our environment would be intolerable（概括是解，含義相反的是解）

2、When men spend long period in space they will protect themselves by       

A) taking special drugs

B) wearing special suits（替換spacesuits是解）

C) using a protective blanket

D) no solution has been found yet

3、The greatest danger to men in space is         

A) meteors             B) weightlessness

C) radiation            D) magnetic force

4、Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?

A) the grandchildren of astronauts are deformed

B) the children of astronauts have damaged sex organs

C) radiation damage may show only in later generations（may是解）

D) radiation does not seem to be very harmful

5、Radiation is dangerous to men,        

A) but we don’t know exactly how dangerous it is 

B) but only in space          （替換是解）

C) so we should build up our health

D) and we can do nothing about it at the present time 

 

 

 

Although some critics of the media claim that these means of communication are used mainly to control our thinking and get us to buy products that we don’t need, the media also contribute to keeping people informed. In other words, while dangers do exist, the benefits of the media far outweigh the disadvantages. Most of the messages brought to viewers, listeners, and readers are designed either to inform or to entertain, and neither of these goals can be considered dangerous or harmful.

in －depth on publicly funded TV channels and radio stations as well as in newspapers. In addition, the public broadcasting media can help viewers and listeners to complete or further their education.

The media also give people the information they need in their daily lives and the media can be a valuable means of educating the public. Even though the media can be misused, most of their effects are positive.

• The main point the writer tries to make in this text is that         

• Advertising is harmful when it presents incorrect information.
•  The positive effects of the mass media outweigh the negative ones.（概括是解）
• People should learn to take advantage of the media’s benefits.
• TV is more useful as a means of entertainment than as a means of providing information.

• What should consumers of the mass media be taught at an early age?

• To bring their imagination into full play when watching programs of low quality.
• To buy products advertised so that the demand increases.
• To turn off the TV set when hurt by bad programs.
• To think carefully about the messages brought to them.（替換是解）

• We can learn from paragraph 3 that citizens will be in a better position to express their views and make their choices if they are          

• Highly educated through TV and radio.
• Well protected by the government
• Highly paid by the employers
• Well informed by the media（概括是解）

• The underlined phrase “in －depth” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by       

• Thoroughly（句義，詞形）
• Partly
• Relatively

Simply